For #4 if the Random instance weren’t “new”, then calling the nextInt() function would definitely have side effects, since the next integer would pull one away from the random stack.

However unlike the first three which will run within a consistent amount of time, #4 will take an unknown amount of time to run, so you can’t just collapse it and eliminate the loop.

For example a very simple race game where a participant moves a random number of steps each turn, we may want to time how long that race takes. We can’t just say that they will reach the end immediately. In fact technically we don’t know that they will ever finish the race… But that’s the halting problem and a whole other issue.

I’ve used dropbear in the past and it always feels a little janky, but it works well.

I would suggest whatever you pick, it should be a similar base to what you run or are most familiar with.

If you run something Debian based, you should recommend something Debian based. Fedora, Arch, etc.

The same is also true for desktop environments, if you use KDE, recommend KDE. If you run something not necessarily beginner friendly, recommend what you’re familiar with.

At some point you’re going to be asked questions, so the more familiar you are, the better for both of you.

Computers were either Windows or Mac, they couldn’t be anything else, that was a fact. Then I saw someone using Linux and had so many questions. How? I was given a Knoppix live CD, went home, and booted my home PC into Knoppix and it changed my perception of computers.

I didn’t change over immediately but eventually Ubuntu was handing out install CDs and YouTube was full of wobbly windows and desktop cubes. It wasn’t useful but it looked cool.

I still needed Windows for gaming, but for day to day it was so much easier to use Linux.

Eventually my gaming was exclusively on the Switch and then was I was looking to play certain PC games the Steam Deck was available, so I bought that.

I think Windows 8 was the last one I used and I’ve never had any desire to go back. Linux is just easier.

But us in the middle who pretend we’re smart

The trick you’ll learn is that everyone is just pretending. The more your learn the more you realize you don’t know.

After you updated the config did you update-initramfs or update-grub (I forget which flags might be needed off hand).

Since this is happening pre-boot it isn’t reading from /etc.

Before Arch that role belonged to Gentoo.

To add, before the change the Gentoo wiki was a top resource when it came to Linux questions. Even if you didn’t use Gentoo you could find detailed information on how various parts of Linux worked.

One day the Gentoo wiki died. It got temporary mirrors quickly, but it took a long time to get up and working again. This left a huge opening for another wiki, the Arch wiki, to become the new top resource.

I suspect, for a number of reasons, Arch was always going to replace Gentoo as the “True Linux Explorer”, but the wiki outage accelerated it.

Linux has two ways of drawing pictures, the old way (Xorg) and the new way (Wayland).

The old way is like a giant box of crayons with the crayon sharpener built in. The box is all marked up, the sharpener is full of gunk, and a few crayons are melted together. Nobody really wants to touch the old box of crayons, although it does work for the most part, it’s a familiar box.

The new way is like a smaller box of crayons. The clean sharpener isn’t built in but it is available nearby, although some people say it doesn’t work as good. A few crayons are missing, but are available in most cases, they’re just not in the box. Most people are working to improve the new box.

If you’re using Linux, the new box of crayons is generally the better choice. It’s ok to stop using the old box.

Knoppix. I didn’t see it listed yet so I had to chime in.

I saw it and was confused that computers could run something that wasn’t Windows and wasn’t Mac. Then I was handed a Knoppix LiveCD and suddenly MY computer was Linux. Absolutely blew my mind.

I then explored Mandrake (now Mandrivia?) for a while but it never really stuck.

A few years later Ubuntu was handing out LivdCDs to everyone running Warty Warthog and soon after window managers started to use Beryl (?) which let you have a fancy cube desktop. Absolutely pointless but that’s how it all started.

As you mentioned elsewhere it’s encrypted.

Take a look at /etc/crypttab and creating and adding a key file that can unlock the drive.

Essentially your additional SSD will have both a password and a file containing a password that can unlock the drive. When you unlock your root filesystem (I’m guessing at boot) it will then have the key file that can unlock the SSD.

Something like cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/pathtossd --new-keyfile /etc/newpassword

Systemd might make this easier to setup nowadays.

Edit: Also, yes, the password to unlock your SSD is just sitting in a file in your root drive. Be sure to restrict it to only be readable by root.

Oh I completely agree. There is a reason it took me a while and careful observation before I figured it out.

I assume it’s part of, or started as, a little password dance. Something like, “abc123DEF”.

Or maybe it just comes from the idea that only a single key can be pressed at a time?

Either way I completely agree, insane.

I agree, but it’s more common than you’d think.

I used to work at an organization that used Chromebooks, which replaces the caps lock key with a search key (same shape, different behaviour). I was surprised at the number of people who struggled with their passwords because they would hit the “search” key, enter a single letter, and then hit “search” again. It took me a little while to figure it out because… Who does that?

At the time (and possibly still) Dell was promoting laptops with Ubuntu preinstalled. These laptops also avoided the “Windows Tax” and were ~$50-$100 cheaper.

*The “Windows Tax” being that Windows cost money. Most companies just built the cost of Windows into their product with no (easy) method of not purchasing Windows. So if you bought a $800 laptop, you actually bought a $700 laptop plus a Window license, even if you never planned on using Windows.

Also worth adding, since this story was big many years ago, when the college was contacted they were fine with her laptop. They had no requirement that she use Wimdows.

Debian Testing. It isn’t “recommended” but it works fine.

Obviously if you want AUR you need an Arch variant, in which case just pick Arch.

Edit: I needed the why, it’s up to date enough for me and I know apt well.

I use flat case most of the time, but I also try to stick to single word files so there is no case to get in the way.

I think for documents I might share like a PDF I’d use Pascal case.

In a classroom or teaching setting I will sometimes use Kebab case as I find it is the least confusing and makes it extra clear where the word division is. Similarly I avoid Dot notation since it’s confusing for folks coming from a Windows world.

And I would avoid Screaming because that’s just too loud anywhere.

Sure that reveals your distro, but also consider what is in the logs you’re sharing. If you’re asking for help you probably also already said that you’re running Debian. Or the logs are full of apt logs already, querying a well known Debian mirror.

You’re right that PC is a fine default, but think about the whole picture as well.